Oral / Larynx / Pharyngeal Cancer

Oral, laryngeal, and pharyngeal cancers are a group of head and neck malignancies that typically develop in the squamous cells of the mouth and throat. While early detection and modern treatments greatly improve survival rates, these conditions require prompt medical evaluation.

Overview

These cancers develop when abnormal cells in the tissues of the oral cavity (the mouth), the pharynx (the throat), or the larynx (the voice box) begin to divide rapidly and uncontrollably. The vast majority of these malignancies are classified as squamous cell carcinomas.

Common Symptoms

The symptoms of these cancers often overlap and become more persistent over time. Individuals should monitor for the following

Mouth & Lips

Persistent sores, ulcers, or patches (red, white, or mixed) that bleed easily and do not heal within two weeks.

Voice & Throat

Unexplained, persistent hoarseness, voice changes, a sore throat, or the feeling of a lump in the throat.

Swallowing & Movement

Difficulty or pain while chewing or swallowing, restricted jaw opening, or limited tongue movement.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Surgery

To remove the tumor and potentially affected nearby lymph nodes.
Radiation Therapy

High-energy rays directed at the cancer cells to destroy them or shrink tumors.
Chemotherapy

The use of systemic drugs to target and kill cancer cells.
Targeted/Immunotherapy

Medications designed to specifically target cancer cells' distinct characteristics.